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Report (any type)/Brief report
22/09/2021
are intermolecular forces; covalent and ionic bonds are intramolecular forces.
Ionic Bonds
Ionic bonds form when one atom transfers electrons to another atom.
The atom that loses an electron becomes a positive ion. The atom that gains an electron becomes a negative ion.
The electrostatic attraction between these ions is an ionic bond.
The ions in ionic solids are close to each other, so ionic attractions are strong.
Ionic bonds are intramolecular bonds, because the ions exert forces among the ions of the same compound.
Ionic bond strengths (lattice energies) range from 600 kJ/mol to 6000 kJ/mol.
Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds form when two atoms share electrons.
The covalent bonds are intramolecular bonds because they hold the atoms together in a single molecule.
Covalent bond strengths range from 100 kJ/mol to 1100 kJ/mol.
Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonds are especially strong intermolecular forces.
They exist when you have a negative ##”O”##, ##”N”##, or ##”F”## atom in one molecule and a positive ##”H”## atom attached to an ##”O”##, ##”N”##, or ##”F”## atom in another molecule.
Water is the best-known compound that has hydrogen bonds.
Hydrogen bonds have strengths ranging from 5 kJ/mol to 50 kJ/mol.
In summary, hydrogen bonds are (relatively weak) intermolecular forces, while covalent and ionic bonds are (relatively strong) intramolecular forces.
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I want to thank your team (Jeff) for finding a new writer when you were unable to reach my existing writer to revise my paper. I appreciate your professionalism and efforts. Thanks
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