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It depends on the substance whose volume you know.
If you have a pure liquid or a solid, you use its to calculate its mass and then divide the mass by the molar mass.
If you have a solution, you multiply the by the volume in litres.
MOLES FROM VOLUME OF PURE LIQUID OR SOLID
There are two steps:
Example
How many moles are in 10.00 mL of acetic anhydride? The molar mass of acetic anhydride is 102.1 g/mol and its density is 1.080 g/mL?
Solution
The formula for density is
##color(blue)(|bar(ul(color(white)(a/a) ρ = m/V color(white)(a/a)|)))” “##
where ##ρ## is the density, ##m## is the mass, and ##V## is the volume of the sample.
We can rearrange the formula to get
##m = V × ρ##
##”mass” = 10.00 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“mL”))) × “1.080 g”/(1 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“mL”)))) = “10.80 g”##
##n = 10.80 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“g”))) × “1 mol”/(102.1color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“g”)))) = “0.1058 mol”##
MOLES FROM VOLUME OF SOLUTION
Molarity is the number of moles of a substance in one litre of solution.
##color(blue)(|bar(ul(color(white)(a/a) M = n/Vcolor(white)(a/a)|)))” “##
where ##n## is the number of moles and ##V## is the volume in litres.
We can rearrange this equation to get the number of moles:
##n = M × V##
Example
How many moles of ##”NaCl”## are contained in 0.300 L of 0.400 mol/L ##”NaCl”## solution?
Solution
##n = 0.300 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“L soln”))) × “0.400 mol NaCl”/(1 color(red)(cancel(color(black)(“L soln”)))) = “0.120 mol NaCl”##
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