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Report (any type)/Brief report
22/09/2021
The for chromium is NOT ##1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^4 4s^2##, but ##color(blue)(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^5 4s^1)##.
Interestingly enough, Tungsten is more stable with an electron arrangement of ##[Xe]4f^14 5d^4 6s^2##.
Unfortunately, there is no easy way to explain these deviations in the ideal order for each element.
To explain Chromium’s electron configuration, we could introduce:
The former is stabilizing and the latter is destabilizing, as shown below (suppose configuration 2 is at pairing energy ##Pi = 0##):
One explanation for Chromium, then, is that:
However, Tungsten’s ##5d## and ##6s## orbitals being larger than the ##3d## and ##4s## orbitals (respectively) spreads out the electron density enough that the pairing energy (##Pi = Pi_c + Pi_e##) is small enough.
The more the electron distribution is spread out, the less electron-pair repulsion there is, and thus the lower ##Pi_c## is. Therefore, the lower ##Pi## is.
Thus, electron pairing is favorable enough for Tungsten.
There is no hard and fast rule for this, but that is an explanation that correlates with experimental data.
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I want to thank your team (Jeff) for finding a new writer when you were unable to reach my existing writer to revise my paper. I appreciate your professionalism and efforts. Thanks
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